Skip to main content

Preference - Bookkeeping

Bookkeeping preferences include settings for managing and setting up accounting. The first steps in setting up accounting are to 1) create bookkeeping accounts in the system through the Account set preferences and 2) create appropriate posting rules in the Posting rule preferences.

Changes in bookkeeping preferences are tracked:

Account set

In the Account set preferences, you can define account sets to be used when defining posting rules. An account set consists of a code, account set name, and individual accounts. Define an account number and name for each account.

You can add the accounts manually one by one or click Import/export and then copy and paste the accounts on separate lines as text.

You can also fetch the account name and number dynamically from the account information of a portfolio or reported transaction's security:

  • Typing SEC into the account number uses the transaction's security name as the account name and the transaction's security trade code as the account number.

  • Typing ACC into the account number uses the transaction's portfolio's secondary account number as the account code, or if not defined, the currency trade code of the portfolio account as the account code.

General

In the General preferences, you can define the logic used to create bookkeeping postings from transactions. The following table lists the configurations available:

Preference

Description

Posting generation

Choose the action on transaction saving

Option to choose if postings are generated on transaction save:

  • Ask the user if postings should be generated - The system asks you to choose if postings should be generated when you save a transaction.

  • Always generate postings when saving a transaction - The system automatically generates postings every time you save a transaction.

  • Never generate postings when saving a transaction - The system never generates postings when you save a transaction.

Generate zero-amount postings

Option to generate postings when the posting amount is zero.

Tag for transactions that generate no postings

Tag to apply to transactions to skip the generation of postings.

Posting rules

Generate postings in the portfolio currency

Option to use only specific posting rules to generate postings in the portfolio currency. By default, all posting rules are applied to generate postings, and postings are created in the portfolio currency.

Posting rule codes to generate postings in the portfolio currency

Posting rules to generate postings in the portfolio currency. Applied to all if empty. Specify the posting rule codes as a comma-separated list.

You also need to add the rules to the portfolio in the Portfolio window, Posting rule field.

Generate postings in the security currency

Option to generate some postings in the security currency instead of the portfolio currency.

Posting rule codes to generate postings in the security currency

Posting rules to generate postings in the security currency. Applied to all if empty. Specify the posting rule codes as a comma-separated list.

You also need to add the rules to the portfolio in the Portfolio window, Posting rule field.

Generate postings in the account currency

Option to generate some postings in the currency of the security related to the transaction instead of the portfolio currency. Only unique currency postings are generated.

Posting rule codes to generate postings in the account currency

Posting rules to generate postings in the account currency. Applied to all if empty. Specify the posting rule codes as a comma-separated list.

You also need to add the rules to the portfolio in the Portfolio window, Posting rule field.

Currency codes to generate postings in other currencies

Currencies other than the account currency in which postings should be generated. Specify the currency codes as a comma-separated list.

Posting rule codes to generate postings in other currencies

Posting rules to generate postings in other currencies. Applied to all if empty. Specify the posting rule codes as a comma-separated list.

You also need to add the rules to the portfolio in the Portfolio window, Posting rule field.

Use currency posting rules for security-based transactions with accounts not in the portfolio currency

Option to generate separate postings for currency exchange if the security sell or buy is made against an account with a currency different from the portfolio currency. If you enable this option, create posting rules against the currency security type with transaction types buy and sell.

Security type codes that get the purchase value from the cash account purchase price (default: “CASH, FUTCF”)

Securities that take the purchase value from the average purchase price of cash in the booked account. This setting is needed if the purchase value and profit are to be booked on cash-type transactions. By default, this is cash (CASH) and future cashflows (FUTCF). Specify the security codes as a comma-separated list.

Posting amount

Use book values for calculating FX profit and loss

Option to use the book FX values in currency profit and loss calculation.

Apply rounding before calculating the posting amount

Option to round posting charge amounts individually before the total amount is saved for the posting. If you disable this option, rounding is applied to the total posting amount.

Disable the netting of postings

Option to disable the netting of postings. Netting means that if a transaction generates multiple postings against the same bookkeeping account for the same date, they are summed up and only one posting is saved. If you disable this option, each posting rule generates a separate posting. As a result, a single transaction can have multiple postings against the same account on the same day.

Bookkeeping accounts

Bookkeeping account numbers per currency to use ACC account postings if the portfolio secondary account number is undefined (for example “SEK=1921,EUR=1922”)

Bookkeeping account numbers per currency to use ACC account postings if the portfolio secondary account number is undefined. Format: “Currency code=Account number”. For example, “SEK=1921,EUR=1922”.

Use these accounts also when the bookkeeping account code is ACC and the portfolio’s secondary account number is defined

Option to always use the specified account numbers for ACC accounts, even if the portfolio secondary account number is defined.

Posting rule

In the Posting rule preferences, you can define different rules that affect the formation of the bookkeeping report or the generation of postings (if bookkeeping is enabled). These rules describe, which transactions, linked to a security with certain characteristics, are recorded to the debit and credit sides of the chosen bookkeeping account.

A posting rule consists of a name, a code, and a link to a defined account set. The link to an account set defines the accounts available for defining the posting rules: only the accounts defined for the linked account set are available.

In addition to the basic information, a posting rule consists of multiple precise rules, which are defined against a certain bookkeeping account: the whole posting rule is a combination of several, individual rules, each representing an entry in bookkeeping. A new individual rule to the posting rule is added with the Add button at the bottom of the window.

When posting-based bookkeeping is enabled, you can see an extended set of selectable rules and charge types compared to the available fields in standard bookkeeping. When bookkeeping is not enabled, you can only see the standard options. In addition, you can search for posting rules by filtering a posting rule set with the content of the available columns.

An individual rule is defined as a combination of a certain transaction type, security's characteristics, account from the chosen account set, and decision of debit/credit:

Transaction type*

Choose the transaction type of the posting rule, e.g. which types of transaction the individual rule is applied to.

Security

Choose the characteristics of the securities to apply the rule to. You can choose from:

  • Security base type, Security type, Security subtype, or individual Security. You can select only one of these properties.

  • Country, Marketplace, Class (1 through 5), or Issuer. You can select one or more of these properties.

If you have multiple rules, specific rules are applied over more generic ones. The security characteristics are taken into account in bottom-up order. For example, if you have separate rules for security country "Finland" and security type "Stock", the rule based on the security country is applied for your Finnish stocks (the country is below the security type in the list).

Account*

Choose the bookkeeping account the entry is recorded to from the account set linked to the posting rule (the accounts are defined in the Account set preferences for the linked account set)

Value

Leave empty, or choose from positive or negative. For each individual rule, you can define that the individual rule is executed and a posting is generated only if the value of the rule will be positive or negative. You can thus define that even if other rule criteria are met, only execute the individual rule if the positive/negative value criteria are met.

Charge type

Choose the charge type(s) of the rule by choosing them from the check boxes next to the type (the types available are described in the table below). Checking a charge type also allows you to combine different values by adding or subtracting them: when checking multiple types, these values are added up, and the + and - signs above the check boxes determine whether the checked value is taken into the calculation as positive or negative, e.g. added or subtracted in the calculation.

Posting date

Choose from Transaction date or Settlement date. Decides whether the posting date of the created posting is set based on the transaction date or settlement date of the transaction the posting is created through.

Payment*

Choose from debit or credit. Determines whether the individual rule will be recorded to the debit or credit side.

A new individual rule is added to the posting rule or the changes made to the rule are saved with the + button, after which the rule is shown in the rule table below the posting rule basic information.

The individual rules within an entire posting rule are shown in the table, grouped under the rule-defining conditions of transaction type + security's chosen characteristic. If an individual rule is changed, it is then re-grouped if necessary - you can always see an up-to-date grouping of your individual posting rules.

The posting rule table allows you to see all the individual rules with a quick glance, and the information of the rules is divided into columns.

Name

The name represents the name of the posting rule group, e.g. the combination of transaction type and selected security characteristics that define when the individual rules within the group are applied. The group name is shown as "Transaction type name + Security character + Second security character", e.g. "Buy + Stock" or "Sell + Stock + Finland".

Account

Shows the selected account of the individual rule

Posting date

Shows the selection for the posting date for the individual rule

Credit/Debit

Shows the selection for the debit/credit for the individual rule

Charge type

Shows all the selected charge types as "Type 1 + Type 2 + Type 3". The list shows which charge types were checked for the individual rule and how, by adding or subtracting, they are calculated together.

To manage the posting rules more effectively, the following functions are available:

Duplicating an entire posting rule. To duplicate an entire posting rule set, e.g. all the individual rules defined within a posting rule set, click the Duplicate button on the left below the defined posting rule sets. A new posting rule set is created, and the code and name of the set are set with the text "-copy" at the end.

Duplicating a group of rules. To duplicate a group of rules, e.g. all the individual rules with the same name / the same combination of transaction type and security characteristics, right-click the posting rule group and select "Duplicate". Define the combination of transaction type and security characteristic you want the copied rules to be applied to, and new rules are created with these new selections.

Duplicating an individual rule. To duplicate an individual rule, right-click the individual rule and select "Duplicate". The selections of the copied rule are shown as default - define the combination of transaction type and security characteristic you want the copied rule to be applied to, and a new rule is created with these new selections.

Exporting posting rules in the XLS file . To export rules as an Excel file, choose the rule set, click overview_excel.png and download the file.

Exporting posting rules in the CSV file. To export the rules in the CSV file that you can edit and import back in the system, choose the rule set, click Export , and download the file.

Importing posting rules in the CSV file. To import a CSV file with posting rules, click Add posting rule, fill in the Name, unique Code , and Account set fields, and click Import to upload the file. Note that the CSV file must contain the same account as in the selected account set.

Available charge types

Charge type

Description

Price

Corresponds with the calculated price shown in the transaction window, e.g. amount * unit price.

Purchase price (no cost)

Takes into account the purchase price, without costs, associated with the transaction.

Total tax

Corresponds with the sum of the values in the tax fields of the transaction, e.g. tax 1 and tax 2 together.

Accrued interest

Corresponds with the value in the Accrued interest field of the transaction.

Total price

Corresponds with the total trade amount of the transaction.

Credit fee

Corresponds with the value in the Credit fee field of the transaction.

Fee

Corresponds with the value in the Fee field of the transaction.

Purchase price

Takes into account the purchase price associated with the transaction. If booked values are defined, then those are taken into account.

Loss

Takes into account the loss induced by the transaction (calculated from booked values if they have been defined).

Profit

Takes into account the profit induced by the transaction (calculated from booked values if they have been defined).

Currency loss

Takes into account the currency loss induced by the transaction.

Currency profit

Takes into account the currency profit induced by the transaction.

Loss (no cost)

Takes into account the loss, calculated without taking into account costs, induced by the transaction (calculated from booked values if they have been defined).

Profit (no cost)

Takes into account the profit, calculated without taking into account costs, induced by the transaction (calculated from booked values if they have been defined).

Tax 1

Corresponds with the value in the Tax 1 field of the transaction.

Tax 2

Corresponds with the value in the Tax 2 field of the transaction.

Purchase price (orig.)

Takes into account the original purchase price associated with the transaction.

Accrued interest (purch.)

Takes into account the accrued interest associated with the purchase transaction.

Nominal value

Corresponds with the amount field of the transaction.

Tax types

See a list of tax types defined in Taxation preferences. This type takes into account the sum of values of the tax fields with the checked tax type.

Questions and answers about bookkeeping

I have specified posting currencies other than the portfolio currency. How are the values calculated?

Postings in the security currency use the transaction amounts where they are available. Wherever portfolio report items are used, the report FX is used to retrieve the security currency amount. Portfolio currency values are calculated using available report FX rates. For currencies specified other than the portfolio or security currency, available market FX rates are used to FX the security currency amounts to the corresponding posting currency.

I have specified posting currencies other than portfolio currency. How is FX profit handled?

FX profit considers the profit/loss between the security and the chosen currency as if it were the portfolio currency. This profit/loss is then converted with available rates to the system relative to the chosen currency.

I have specified "Security types that get the purchase value from the cash purchase price of the account". What does this mean?

For some security types, such as cash transactions, the definition of purchase price is not well defined. This setting allows you to set the purchase price for a cash-type transaction as the average purchase price of the cash in the account against which the transaction is booked. This price is the average FX rate on your cash transactions against your portfolio currency.

Example: The portfolio is in EUR. You have a USD account in which you deposited 100,000 USD at the rate of 1.25 EUR/USD. This leaves you with a purchase value of 80,000 EUR and an average purchase price of 0.8 EUR per USD. Any cash transactions that have a negative cash effect on this account are now assumed to have this as a purchased price. If you sell off the 100,000 USD on the account at a rate of 1.0 EUR/USD, the sold value in the portfolio currency is 100,000 EUR. From a portfolio perspective in EUR, this is a loss of 20,000 EUR.

Any purchase price and profit realized on transactions with this set on the security type should also be visible in Analytics+. For example, any purchase value of future cashflows should be booked from the corresponding cashflow in/out transactions and viewable in Analytics+.

I have specified "Security types that get the purchase value from the cash purchase price of the account". Does this give me the true realized profit on FX spots/forwards?

No. The setting gives you the realized profit against the account's average purchase price of cash. A true realized profit on a FX spot or forward is compared against the spot price at settlement and what you contracted at inception. It is also compared against the spot pair in all cases, whereas the average price is compared against the account and portfolio (not necessarily the same as the spot/forward pair).